For various reasons, many owners decide to hanger their aircraft for periods of time. An integral part of the process of preparing an aircraft for storage should be to use a preservation oil to give protection against corrosion, which greatly accelerates the rate of wear in an engine.
When an engine stands idle for long periods the oil absorbs water from the atmosphere and, combined with condensation on the internal engine components, causes rust to form. Once the rust has formed it remains in the oil and acts as a grinding paste, causing increased wear, reduced engine life and potentially higher maintenance bills.
If an aircraft is flown frequently (at least once every two weeks) then this water evaporates as the engine temperature rises and therefore does not cause a problem. However if the aircraft is not flown as often as this, then the owner should consider using a preservation oil.